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The Plymouth Company granted between 38°N (near Md.-Va. Major border disputes were settled as follows: New Hampshire (1740), Rhode Island (1746 - succeeded towns of Barrington, Bristol, Little Compton, Tiverton, Warren, and the newly created Cumberland to R.I.), Connecticut (1749 - succeeded towns of Enfield, Somers, Suffield, and Woodstock to Conn.), New York (1773 - twenty miles west of the Hudson 1853 - Boston Corners section of Mount Washington to N.Y.), and Maine (1820 - succeeded as new state in Missouri Compromise). The territory included what is Maine and the Elizabeth, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket Islands (the islands removed from the control of New York). The next major geo-political event was the merger of the Massachusetts Bay and the Plymouth Colony into the newly rechartered Royal Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1691 that began its new government under Sir William Phips in 1692. For lack of guidance by England, the colonies resumed their previous form of governments through 1691. When King James II was overthrown in late 1688 by William and Mary, colonist at Boston overthrew Andros and his administration there in 1689. Andros quickly moved to take away most liberties colonists enjoyed and thus his rule was extremely unpopular. Soon New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Haven, New York, and New Jersey would be added to the Dominion with the government seated at Boston.

This united the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth. The colony continued as it was until Sir Edmund Andros arrived to become the Royal Governor of the newly created Dominion of New England Genealogy effectively in 1686. This action was implemented by King James II. King Charles II finally rescinded the charter for Massachusetts Bay in 1684. The British colonies developed more independent practices regarding trade, religion, and governance. The Royal Province of New Hampshire was created in 1680 that separated the District of Maine off from the center of population of the colony now firmly established at Boston. These two colonies coexisted for many years, but geography and politics were on the side of the Massachusetts Bay. The second permanent settlement was by Puritans who arrived in 1629 to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony Genealogy at Salem. There were several early and later attempts for settlement up the coast into Maine (which would be part of Massachusetts until statehood in 1820). The Separatist Pilgrims were the first to arrive in 1620 to establish Plymouth Colony Genealogy at Plymouth. Not long before this first settlement began, the native population was decimated by a European-borne disease, likely smallpox, that left many of their villages empty. They had been visited by British and other European countries' fishermen for more than a century before the first permanent European settlement.

This region of New England was home to many Algonquian-speaking Indians.

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